Cases of norovirus, a highly contagious virus known for causing vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain, are experiencing a significant increase across the United States, particularly as the holiday season approaches. This rise is indicated by high levels of the virus found in wastewater, leading experts to predict a further uptick in infections in the coming weeks.
Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of infectious diseases at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, emphasized the virus’s contagious nature, noting its ability to spread through numerous methods. Outbreaks are especially common in close living situations, such as college dormitories and cruise ships. Currently, an AIDA Cruises ship embarking on a 133-day world tour has reported an outbreak that has affected over 100 passengers and crew members.
Norovirus is sometimes mistaken for the flu due to its gastrointestinal symptoms; however, it is not part of the influenza virus family. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the virus can be contracted through small particles of feces or vomit from an infected individual, which can inadvertently end up in someone’s mouth. It takes alarmingly few viral particles—between one and ten—to initiate an infection, explaining the ease with which the virus spreads, particularly through contaminated food prepared by infected individuals who may not have washed their hands effectively.
Unfortunately, hand sanitizers are not effective against norovirus, which complicates prevention efforts. Dr. Schaffner pointed out that soap and water are necessary for eliminating the virus, as they physically wash it away. The CDC also advises that while hand sanitizers can be employed as a supplementary measure, they should never replace proper handwashing, which is the most effective method of prevention.
To minimize the risk of infection, the CDC recommends washing hands thoroughly after using the bathroom, before eating, and when handling food. Additionally, it’s important to wash fruits and vegetables and ensure seafood is cooked appropriately. In households with a confirmed norovirus case, cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and laundering affected items in hot water are crucial steps to prevent further spread.
While a norovirus infection is unpleasant, characterized by approximately 48 hours of severe symptoms, it typically resolves relatively quickly. As the holiday season approaches, public health officials urge vigilance and adherence to hygiene practices to curb the rising tide of infections.
